Requirements for production-
Types of moving image production-
There is many types of media like: advertisement, the internet, magazines, television, blogs and many more. The type of media I produced was digital video along with digital sound. Once the production was completed, we need to find a way to distribute it; we used YouTube to distribute our ninety second production. We decided to use YouTube as it is easily accessible for people to watch and it is also free. Examples of moving image are ‘motion pictures, videos, and other theatrical releases, shorts, news footage (including television newscasts and theatrical newsreels), trailers, out-takes, screen tests, training films, educational material, commercials, spot announcements, home movies, amateur footage, television broadcasts, and unedited footage. These may be in electronic form.’1 There is a lot of distribution when it comes to media and there is many opportunities to make your production to be seen. This could be like people going to watch films in the cinema, online streaming or digital download. You could even have DVD/blue-ray but because times are changing, film makers are sharing their productions more digitally which shows the significance of cinemas cause of getting the full viewer experience.
It is important that you are financially stable to produce your own film; you have to be able to afford camera equipment, props, food for your cast as well as people’s time because that is your responsibility when creating a production. However, you have opportunities to have funding for your film.’ There are a wide range of national and regional funding incentives on offer to productions working in the UK.’2 This means more people have the opportunity to create and raise awareness of important causes over films.
Equipment -
Loaning the equipment works out cheaper, but it is better if you own a camera cause you are more likely to be more pedantic with your production, as well as being comfortable knowing how it works and having spare equipment just in case it breaks. In camera equipment you need to think about the things that come along with a camera. These consist of an SD card, a battery for your camera, tripod (it will make the camera still), lighting and even a microphone so that the sound in your film will be more clear. These certain equipment's already cost a fortune hence why people use funding to help them create their production as camera equipment is really expensive. A solution that could be used is that if your family or friends have certain equipment that you need maybe ask to borrow the camera equipment, it means it is more efficient and you will be able to have it for a longer period of time. If you are thinking of loaning the camera equipment some recommended places are:hire a camera and Lens Lab. Lens lab is a very secure website for you to loan camera equipment as they get you to give forms of id and you sign hire agreements which shows that the company is legit and is safe to hire from and that people won't be scammed. Hireacamera has a range of lenses of choice so you have a variety of what you think is best for your film/photo. In addition to that, you have a choice of hiring things from Hireacamera such as: remotes, cables and bags, camera motion, sd cards, power, tripods and camera support.
Another thing you have to spend your money on when it comes to filming a production is the props you are going to use in the film. This could be something as simple as needing to use a broomstick to needing to use a bike. Props are important when filming as it brings the piece of film together because it represents the film and helps people like actors get into character. Thinking about props is important cause you want to make sure you get the right props for your production, but you also need to consider how much you are willing to spend on a prop and what it's significance in the film. So for an example like a broom stick, if you already own that prop use it as it works out cheaper for your production and then you are able to spend money if needed on different props. Another thing you will need to be able to consider is post production work, 'Post-production takes time and, unless your editor is working for free, that means money.'3 If you are not able to edit or don't know how to you may pay someone to edit your film which is something you should consider in pre production when it comes to budgeting for a film. However if you do know to edit there is many free editing apps such as Hit film express. Being able to edit your own film works out cheaper but if you can't it is something you should consider this in pre production so you have the money ready.
What did you have to obtain for your Depict project ?-
When creating my own production, I had to start thinking of props and equipment I needed to use. Luckily , we didn’t have to pay for any camera equipment as we were fortunate to loan it; that meant we didn’t have to buy microphones, lighting, camera, SD cards and we were able to focus on the props for the film. This was helpful as we were able to bring our ideas more to life because of being able to afford the props.Things we began to think about is what we needed so that included: a cake (for the cooking show scene), missing poster, phone, earphones, a mask, keys, fake blood and a wooden spoon. Immediately, we began to think how we could get these props for a cheap price. Things like phone and earphones we knew we didn’t have to pay for as we already had and things like wooden spoon we knew an old wooden spoon could be used so we looked in our kitchen for one to make things cheaper and we knew we had it before production time; the missing poster could be easily made so it only cost a couple of pennies because we made it on the computer and then printed it out. The main things that we really needed to buy was a cake, this was Kris’s job as he wanted to pay for the cake. We wanted one that had a bit of colour to it and look quite fancy because it was what we imagined the cooking scene to look like. I think my group were quite successful when it came to handling budgeting as we got all the props we needed as well as the camera equipment and having a location where we didn’t need to pay meaning we were able to afford the things that we needed as well as making it cheap for us. Equipment we used was: a camera along with an sd card, tripod stick , microphone, ring light and fro props we used: cake, a mask, a poster, a wooden spoon,earphones, keys and fake blood. It didn't cost a lot of money in all honesty, we decided to use what we had around us to make sure we wasn't going to spend a lot of money.Things like the wooden spoon we just got from our kitchen cause it was old and needed to be binned; so if it got damaged or for an instance what we did which was cover it in fake blood we knew we wasn't going to be annoyed or have a massive loss over it. However, we did spend money on the fake blood and cake which came to a total cost of £19, it was £4 for the fake blood and £15 for the cake. Personally, I don't think we should of paid that much for a cake but it did look authentic for the film and it tasted really good when the cast was allowed to eat it!
Personnel-
In filmmaking you have certain people doing certain jobs, the jobs vary depending on which production it is and what type of media you’re doing. For a low budget film the jobs would consist of: producer, director, DP (director of photography), 1st AD (assistant director), 1st AC (A focus puller), actors, Gaffer (focuses on lighting), sound mixer, Hair and makeup artist and production designer.4 This list is the main people that you would get in any moving image production but these are key to a low budget film as even though it’s not a massive crew there is still people doing the important jobs that need to be done and will be able to get it done successfully. In addition, with a low budget film you will not be able to afford certain crew members compared to a massive Hollywood film so you have to pick out the main jobs that need to be done in a film/ production.
In television, it is usually consist of a lot of crew members and you have many departments in between production from key creative team which consists of directors, producers and screenwriters which is the main responsibility of television crew. However, along with that we have production department, script department, location department, camera department, sound department, grip department, electrical department, art department and hair and makeup along with wardrobe. In these departments it consists of many jobs and shows the major difference between a low budget production and television production. There is more roles to give out cause it is a higher budget meaning there is more opportunity to do more scenes that contain a lot of props as well filming in certain locations.5
Even though a television production is big, a Hollywood film production is on a much bigger scale. A Hollywood production is able to do more dangerous things on sets, it just means a Hollywood film production has a higher budget meaning more opportunities to do stunts. This means that you have to have more crew members in the film. For a Hollywood film production, you have your crew members that we have already talked about like Dp, producers and directors. But in a Hollywood production, you have crew members like grips (a technician on set who is responsible for building and maintaining camera and lighting setups), a boom operator (part of the sound department) and you have a script supervisor (so they can maintain the continuity of the production)6.
When it came to allocating jobs in our small group, we wanted it so everyone has a go at all the jobs we have so we all understand what the roles are like. The first day of filming I was behind the camera as well as directing, then I was just filming the next day and then I had a go at being in front of the camera and acting for both production days. I have never worked or used a camera before so I definitely gained some experience from that and understand that you have to take your time with and how it is important that don’t waste a lot time on one scene.
When we think cast and crew we immediately think of directors and producers but we never think of the crew behind the scenes. In post production you have music editors, supervising sound editors, editor and colourist. These crew members are just as important as the finalise the production.7 Missing a deadline in the film industry could mean you lose sale contracts because of you missing it. In addition to that, you’re not working by yourself in the film industry you are working as a team so missing a deadline might mean having your team work on weekends or sacrificing their own time to do it. When it came to my production, I successfully reached all my deadlines from pre-production, production and post production. To reach the deadline we made sure to balance the time out on our production schedule and make sure to stick to it. To ensure that the camera equipment is secure is knowing that you have the equipment you need on days of filming. To make sure that you obtain the equipment for production, write on your production schedule the equipment you need so everyone knows what equipment is being used for what scenes. It means everyone is prepared and makes production making flow. Having a professional media facility means you are able to film in a studio and is used to make films which is handled by the production company.
Locations -
When it came to our production, we obviously had to think about locations. We knew that we wouldn’t be able to afford to pay to shoot in certain locations so we made sure to do it in a public place where we were allowed as well as it being safe. So we decided to film in a public place called the railway and then filmed in our college grounds as it was easy to get the paperwork signed off and having access to it at all times in the day.
This is why location recess helps as location recess means you look for locations and take photos so your team can decide what location looks better for your production.Once you have decided on what location you want it is important you are able to get your location release forms for it. Location release forms is ‘a document giving you a written permission to film at a location from the locations owner.’9 You will need this form after you have done your location recess and think it’d the right location for your production. Choosing our locations came quite easy as we immediately knew where we wanted to film.We knew that we needed somewhere dark but open as we were filming a chase scene which led to us choosing the railway.
It’s a place I always walk past on my way back from college so I made sure to get photos and videos for my team to see how they thought about it. As soon as everyone agreed to it, we didn’t have to sign a location release form we only had to inform the police about what we were doing cause there was going to be some screaming in the film that we didn’t want the public to be concerned about. We then thought about filming in College as the actors we needed will be able to get there easily and it would not only be convenient for us but for them too as it wouldn’t take them a long time.However, there was a problem in the organising section of location. We were able to film in college but there were no classrooms free to film in; so we had to come up with a solution and film the cooking scene outside and the credit roll scene in a quiet corridor that no one really goes down. Even though we had that problem, it worked out well to film it outside as it gave the weirdness to the film which we wanted and connected to the classical tb british cooking show's in the summertime.
Materials -
When materials are thought about for a media production we instantly think of camera equipment, props and cast and crew. However, there is certain things :like food for the cast and crew, editing materials (like headphones) and backdrops people don’t think about or focus on. You need food and drinks for your cast and crew to keep them going through the filming process as you can have long hours that will tire people out. People rarely think of editing materials when it comes to predication but it is a key thing to think about because editing is what brings the production together; so having headphones to even be able to listen to the sound of your production is significant. Thinking about materials for a backdrop is important cause it helps make you think why that background is important for your production and why you want to the audience that. When thinking of materials you need to buy you also focus on the financial considerations when using those materials. This is like thinking about what you should put more money towards in the production, because if you pay for cheaper materials in editing the outcome might not be to a good standard compared to more pricey equipment. When thinking of materials you also have to consider the legal side to film production, things such as copyright which is a tricky thing in film making cause it means you have to be careful with materials you use (like music and costumes).
copyright-
When talking about copy right, the definition of copy right means it protects your work and stops others from using it without your permission. Copy right protects your work by preventing people from copying your work, renting or loaning copies of your work, disturbing copies of it, making adaptions of it and putting it on the internet. When it came to my production it’s something we wanted to be careful of. This mean it affected the music aspect and being careful what songs to put into our film, we even considered making our music. However, it made us cautious of our work and even think of how to improve it which was a positive.Clearance is if you want to have copyright material you must have the right to do it if an outright transfer or a licence of the copyright from the copyright owner. Obtaining rights in this way constitutes copyright clearance.An example of this is if you want to use a certain piece of music in a film, you have to make sure you gave permission form that owner to use that piece of music and that’s why you use clearance to get it. Public liability insurance is what covers costs of the claims that are made by members of the public. This means that if incidents occur in your activities or business the insurance covers personal injuries, loss or damage property and death. So an example of this is anyone involved in the media production is covered (that could be like actors) because they have the public liability insurance that covers injuries on set. A completion guarantee in the media industry is a bond provided by the guarantor that a film will be finished within the agreed time schedule. So an example of this is two people agreeing to do a month a filming and the deadline be in two months, it means it has to get done by then unless they discuss to change the deadline at an earlier time.
A regulatory body is an organisation (for the public) or a government agency and are both responsible for legally regulating aspects of human activity. In a regulatory body the roles consist of: conducting inspections and audits, they draft issues and revise standards, they enforce standards by issuing fines and other consequences and impose requirements, conditions and restrictions. Not only that, but they also have responsibilities that include: promoting fair trade, protecting fair trade, conducting hearings and protecting consumers.13 Ofcom is a communications service that a lot of people rely on; ofcom responsibility is to make sure that people get the best type of mobile service, broadband, home phone and tv and radio.14 Ofcom also is the company that regulates the bbc, having ofcom regulate the bbc means it allows the bbc to consider and potentially resolve complaints before hey reach ofcom. This means Bbc is different to other companies that are also regulate by ofcom as they are able to resolve certain situations without ofcom being involved. The bbfc stands for the British board of film classification; the bbfc helps families and viewers understand what film or tv is right for hem to watch by providing them with guidance to avoid what’s not right for them. So this could be like saying what is contained in the tv/film e.g. violence, foul language and age restrictions.
Trade unions and trade associations-
"Trade unions provide assistance and services to their members and bargain for better pay and conditions for all workers." It means that the trade union have bought significant changes such as: a national minimum wage, the abolition of child labour, improved worker safety, improved living standards, improved parental and equality legislation. PACT and BECTU is a major motion picture agreement which means it's an agreement which covers the terms that are significant terms and conditions for a crew on major motion pictures.16 A trade association is organisation not for profit made up of a companies/ individuals with common interests.17
1 https://www.archives.gov/preservation/products/definitions/moving-image-def.html
2 https://britishfilmcommission.org.uk/plan-your-production/funding/
4 https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/low-budget-production-crew-members-70478/
5 https://www.listeninglistening.com/uploads/6/4/4/8/6448263/crew-roles-and-departments-guide.pdf
6 https://www.centralcasting.com/production-crew-members-you-should-know/
7 https://www.screenskills.com/job-profiles/browse/film-and-tv-drama/
8
9 https://www.wrapbook.com/blog/location-release-form
10 https://www.gov.uk/copyright
12 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/completion-guarantee
13 https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/625/regulatory-body
14 https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/what-is-ofcom
16 https://bectu.org.uk/get-involved/agreements-grading-schemes/
18 - hiring equipment -
https://www.lenslab.co.uk/wwdhire.php
19 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)#Production
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